Becoming a U.S. citizen is a significant milestone for many immigrants, and the most common way to achieve this is through naturalization. If you have held a Green Card (Lawful Permanent Resident status) for at least five years, you may be eligible to apply for U.S. citizenship. This guide will help you understand the eligibility requirements, the application process, and frequently asked questions (FAQs).
What is Naturalization?
Naturalization is the legal process through which a foreign national voluntarily becomes a U.S. citizen. By completing this process, Green Card holders can gain the full benefits and responsibilities of American citizenship, including the right to vote, apply for a U.S. passport, and receive protection under U.S. law.
Eligibility Requirements for Naturalization
To apply for U.S. citizenship through naturalization, Green Card holders must meet several key requirements:
General Eligibility Criteria:
✅ Age Requirement: You must be at least 18 years old when submitting Form N-400 (Application for Naturalization).
✅ Lawful Permanent Residency: You must have been a lawfully admitted permanent resident (Green Card holder) for at least 5 years.
✅ Continuous Residence: You must have lived continuously in the U.S. for at least 5 years before applying.
✅ Physical Presence: You must have been physically present in the U.S. for at least 30 months out of the last 5 years before submitting your application.
Additional Requirements:
✅ State Residency: You must have lived in the state or USCIS district where you are applying for at least 3 months before filing Form N-400.
✅ Good Moral Character: You must demonstrate that you have been a person of good moral character for at least 5 years before applying.
✅ English Language Proficiency: You must be able to read, write, and speak basic English.
✅ U.S. Government and History Knowledge: You must pass a test that shows your understanding of U.S. history, government, and the Constitution.
✅ Oath of Allegiance: You must take an Oath of Allegiance to officially become a U.S. citizen.
Steps to Apply for Naturalization
Once you confirm that you meet all the eligibility requirements, you can follow these steps to apply for U.S. citizenship:
Step 1: Complete Form N-400
Fill out and submit the Application for Naturalization (Form N-400) online or by mail.
Step 2: Pay the Filing Fee
There is a fee for filing Form N-400, which covers processing and biometric services. Some applicants may qualify for a fee reduction or waiver.
Step 3: Attend the Biometrics Appointment
You will be scheduled for a biometrics appointment where USCIS will take your fingerprints and photograph for background checks.
Step 4: Complete the Interview and Citizenship Test
USCIS will schedule an interview where an officer will ask you about your application and test your English skills and knowledge of U.S. history and government.
Step 5: Receive a Decision
USCIS will notify you of their decision. If approved, you will be scheduled for the Oath of Allegiance ceremony.
Step 6: Take the Oath of Allegiance
Once you take the Oath of Allegiance, you will officially become a U.S. citizen and receive your Certificate of Naturalization.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
1. Can I apply for citizenship before my 5-year Green Card requirement is completed?
In some cases, yes. If you are married to a U.S. citizen, you may be eligible to apply for naturalization after only 3 years of being a Green Card holder.
2. What happens if I fail the citizenship test?
If you fail the test, you will have one more opportunity to retake it within 60 to 90 days.
3. How long does the naturalization process take?
Processing times vary, but on average, it takes 6 to 12 months from the time you submit Form N-400 until you take the Oath of Allegiance.
4. Do I have to give up my current citizenship?
The U.S. allows dual citizenship, but some countries do not permit their citizens to hold multiple nationalities. Check with your country of origin’s laws before applying.
5. What are the benefits of becoming a U.S. citizen?
✅ The right to vote in U.S. elections
✅ A U.S. passport, which allows visa-free travel to many countries
✅ Protection from deportation
✅ Eligibility for federal jobs and government benefits
Final Thoughts
Becoming a U.S. citizen is a life-changing opportunity that provides numerous benefits and rights. If you meet the eligibility requirements, consider applying for naturalization to fully enjoy the privileges of U.S. citizenship.
For more details and to begin your application, visit the official USCIS website:
🔗 USCIS Citizenship and Naturalization